Category Archives: culture & value

On hospitals, inheritance, and samesex lobbying

In my opinion, this post is exactly right (well, except for the part where it entirely eludes me why the state legislature has anything to say about hospital visitation policies…)

Oh, wait. Here is an entirely beside-the-point rant. In the case of anyone I know over fifty, or unable to communicate, hospital stays have been nothing but wars for survival. “Hi, nurse; before you go off and neglect other elderly patience or find your next “angel-of-mercy” opportunity could you please put the IV back in place that you pulled out a minute ago.” Or “When a patient can’t talk I’m not sure why the book says that medical best practices would dictate studiously avoiding eye contact at all times.” Maybe things are better in Virginia than rural Oklahoma, but I could see a real malignant motivation for hospitals to want to reduce the number of visitors…

And now back to our regularly scheduled post.

There’s nothing wrong with friends visiting one another. We should provide for this regardless of the agendas of samesex politics. Another example where it would be good to really lobby for this is the kleptomaniacal estate tax laws.

Orman says she “has a relationship with life,” so Solomon presses her, and Suze then reveals that her “life partner” is Kathy Travis and, “We’re going on seven years. I have never been with a man in my whole life. I’m still a 55-year-old virgin.”

Orman says they’d like to get married, and both “have millions of dollars in our name. It’s killing me that upon my death, K.T. is going to lose 50 percent of everything I have to estate taxes. Or vice versa.”

I’m going to resist the temptation to rant about the abuse of the word “virgin” which Orman visits upon it (makes a good case for Dawn Eden’s advocacy of “chastity” as a better word) and address the other outrage. People shouldn’t have their hard-earned (or lucked out) inheritance taken away from them. It is evil. People should be allowed to name their heirs.

People talk about the difference between “economic conservatism” and “social conservatism” and how they conflict. But in this case a failure to implement “economic conservaitism” is generating bad will and more political opposition to “social conservatism.”

No one has to endorse the nature of Orman’s relationship with Travis. But let them keep their money and share it with each other if they want to.

There are plenty of other areas where there is no choice but to fight. Lets not create more battlefields for no reason.

Polygamy argument

Here’s a column by John Corvino claiming that “Polygamy Illogic Strikes Again” in regard to an argument against homosexual marriage.

I would ask readers to compare these claims with recent court cases reported by Redstate.com. Since this blog entry includes a bunch of other judicial decisions, I’ll reproduce the relevant ones with what I think is some pretty accurate commentary.

Finally, we turn to the progeny of Lawrence v. Texas, the 2003 decision in which the Supreme Court announced a constitutional right to sodomy between consenting adults, premised upon a right of sexual privacy:

The statutes do seek to control a personal relationship that, whether or not entitled to formal recognition in the law, is within the liberty of persons to choose without being punished as criminals.

This, as a general rule, should counsel against attempts by the State, or a court, to define the meaning of the relationship or to set its boundaries absent injury to a person or abuse of an institution the law protects. It suffices for us to acknowledge that adults may choose to enter upon this relationship in the confines of their homes and their own private lives and still retain their dignity as free persons. When sexuality finds overt expression in intimate conduct with another person, the conduct can be but one element in a personal bond that is more enduring. The liberty protected by the Constitution allows homosexual persons the right to make this choice.

Unsurprisingly, the Lawrence decision has spawned to a battery of attempts to expand its rationale to other laws governing sexual conduct of one sort or another. First, the Supreme Court this past week declined to review the decision of the Supreme Court of Utah in State v. Holm (Utah May 16, 2006), which among other things rejected (over a dissent) a claim that Lawrence invalidated Utah’s prohibition on bigamy. The court first stressed the Lawrence Court’s drawing of lines intended to limit the decision’s application:

Despite its use of seemingly sweeping language, the holding in Lawrence is actually quite narrow. Specifically, the Court takes pains to limit the opinion’s reach to decriminalizing private and intimate acts engaged in by consenting adult gays and lesbians. In fact, the Court went out of its way to exclude from protection conduct that causes “injury to a person or abuse of an institution the law protects.”

The Utah court found that the threat presented by bigamy to the institution of marriage justified a departure from Lawrence:

In marked contrast to the situation presented to the Court in Lawrence, this case implicates the public institution of marriage, an institution the law protects, and also involves a minor. In other words, this case presents the exact conduct identified by the Supreme Court in Lawrence as outside the scope of its holding.

First, the behavior at issue in this case is not confined to personal decisions made about sexual activity, but rather raises important questions about the State’s ability to regulate marital relationships and prevent the formation and propagation of marital forms that the citizens of the State deem harmful.

+++

[A] marriage license significantly alters the bond between two people because the State becomes a third party to the marital contract. . .

[M]arital relationships serve as the building blocks of our society. The State must be able to assert some level of control over those relationships to ensure the smooth operation of laws and further the proliferation of social unions our society deems beneficial while discouraging those deemed harmful. The people of this State have declared monogamy a beneficial marital form and have also declared polygamous relationships harmful.

The Connecticut Supreme Court, in State v. McKenzie-Adams, (Ct. Feb. 27, 2007), rejected a similar effort to extend Lawrence to the case of a male teacher who had consensual sexual relations with two 16-year-old female students and claimed a “right to engage in noncommercial consensual sexual intercourse with individuals over the age of consent.” The court found that the teacher-student relationship is “an inherently coercive relationship, . . . wherein consent might not easily be refused.” The Connecticut court, like the Utah court, found it necessary to place a limiting construction on Lawrence, albeit one that is in some tension with the Utah court’s reading of the case:

We conclude that the defendant’s reliance on Lawrence is misplaced because, contrary to the defendant’s claim, the court in Lawrence did not ignore the relationship between the participants to the prohibited sexual act. The court merely cautioned that, when reviewing a statute criminalizing private noncommercial consensual sexual conduct, it is improper to focus on the right to engage in specific sexual acts, as the court had done in Bowers. Instead, the court should focus on the right to foster certain intimate relationships. Accordingly, pursuant to Lawrence, the critical inquiry is whether the prohibited intimate relationship is within the liberty interest of the participants to choose, not on whether a right to engage in sexual conduct exists generally.

Finally, the Ohio Supreme Court, in State v. Lowe (Ohio Feb. 28, 2007), rejected (again over a dissent) an effort to use Lawrence to strike down a ban on consensual sexual conduct between a stepparent and adult stepchild. The Ohio court stressed that Lawrence did not announce a new fundamental right, and thus concluded:

[T]the state in this case distinguishes Lawrence as being limited to consensual sexual conduct between unrelated adults. Lowe and his stepdaughter were not unrelated. The state argues that since Lowe has no fundamental right in this case, and the state has a legitimate interest in prohibiting incestuous relations and in protecting the family unit and family relationships, the rational-basis test should apply. . .

. . . Lawrence did not announce a “fundamental” right to all consensual adult sexual activity, let alone consensual sex with one’s adult children or stepchildren.. . .

Ohio’s statute serves the legitimate state interest of protecting the family unit and family relationships. While it is not enough under the rational-basis test for the government to just announce a noble purpose behind a statute, the statute will pass if it is reasonably related to any legitimate state purpose. . . . Ohio has a tradition of acknowledging the “importance of maintaining the family unit.” A sexual relationship between a parent and child or a stepparent and stepchild is especially destructive to the family unit. R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) was designed to protect the family unit by criminalizing incest in Ohio. Stepchildren and adopted children have been included as possible victims of the crime of incest because society is concerned with the integrity of the family, including step and adoptive relationships as well as blood relationships, and sexual activity is equally disruptive, whatever the makeup of the family. . . . [P]arents do not cease being parents – whether natural parents, stepparents, or adoptive parents – when their minor child reaches the age of majority.

Accordingly, as applied in this case, R.C. 2907.03(A)(5) bears a rational relationship to the legitimate state interest in protecting the family, because it reasonably advances its goal of protection of the family unit from the destructive influence of sexual relationships between parents or stepparents and their children or stepchildren. If Lowe divorced his wife and no longer was a stepparent to his wife’s daughter, the stepparent-stepchild relationship would be dissolved. The statute would no longer apply in that case.

(As Howard Bashman has noted – and as the Utah court discussed footnote 10 at page 23 of its opinion, and the Connecticut court addressed as well – there have been other challenges based on Lawrence as well. In one, a recent 11ith Circuit decision that upheld Alabama’s ban on sale of sex toys on the grounds that unlike Lawrence “the statute at issue in this case forbids public, commercial activity” but also explicitly concluded that “public morality survives as a rational basis for legislation even after Lawrence, and we find that in this case the State’s interest in the preservation of public morality remains a rational basis for the challenged statute.” In another, the same issue presented in Lawrence was decided the opposite way in the context of the military’s ban on sodomy by the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (discussed here by Phil Carter)).

As it turns out, both Rick Santorum and his critics can claim some measure of vindication from the Utah, Connecticut and Ohio decisions. Santorum (who, you will recall, gave his famous interview before seeing precisely how the Supreme Court would frame its decision) has been proven right about the flood of efforts to use Lawrence to overturn well-settled prohibitions on sexual conduct long thought to be uncontroversially subject to criminal sanction, as well as about the fact that members of the judiciary (including the dissenters in Utah and Ohio) would find those arguments appealing. Santorum’s critics can point to the fact that the courts have, in fact, found ways to draw lines to keep Lawrence from having such slippery-slope effects.

At the end of the day, though, the stronger criticism of the Lawrence decision, like the Ninth Circuit’s decision in the T-shirt case, is that it sucks the courts into making a whole new body of law to distinguish between conduct that is favored and protected by the Constitution, and conduct that is disfavored and properly subject to societal sanction or regulation through the democratic process. But that body of law is not based on anything in the Constitution, but rather in the courts’ value judgments about social interests in the family, or the protection of students – judgments the legislatures are equally competent to make in a way that reflects the collective wisdom and experience of society. That’s why even the victories over efforts to expand the Lawrence decision are signs of defeat for judicial restraint in the culture wars.

So, on the one hand, since none of these court battles have been won (yet), we can say there is evidence the Polygamy argument doesn’t work. But I think the fact that they were tried and others will be also is telling.

Personally, I do think we can logically separate questions about libertarianism (no legal penalties for sodomy) from questions of marriage. But does anyone think the court’s decision on bigamy would have turned out the same if we had a legal precedent for the state recognition of samesex marriage?

I have plans to actually fisk the column when I have time. I just want to point out at the moment that, even if John were right about the logic of it, he is asking us to respond to an issue as if we can ignore what actually happens. How often are courts logical? The slippery-slope argument is not necessarily about logic (though I’m not agreeing with Corvino on this); it is about what is actually happening in real life. It simply makes no sense to ask people to stop opposing a disaster they are sure will take place because, according to logic, it doesn’t have to happen. It is happening, logical or not.

A needed distraction from my troubles…

I mean, of course, other peoples’ troubles. I know this is deadly serious for the victims, and I don’t want to diminish that in the least. At the same time, I have to admit that it is impossible to read this “paragraph” (the document is written in direct-mail script) without giggling.

Marked by their use of alcohol, their commitment to theological ambiguity and their embrace of religious rituals steeped in eastern mysticism, this movement has made its greatest inroads in the area of “church planting.” And we are now beginning to see the evidence of what’s to come.

Truly deep comedy provided for free. See Joe Thorn for more. Hat tip to Steve McKoy.

Ah, but recently (like yesterday) it dawned on me that this isn’t even a particularly “religious” phenomenon, at least not if religion is defined in theological terms…

(Before I say anything else about this post, I must not forget to recommend some great Mencken quotes found in the comments. Like prize fighters shaking hands indeed!)

I used to think the will to judge was particularly Christian behavior–something specific to church life. But now I realize that is because church is my major social environment and has been for years. So it was in the context of church that I would learn about a pregnant friend secretly ordering a book on “bottle-feeding without guilt” and hiding the fact from her sisters in Christ so they wouldn’t exercise their ministry of discernment in regard to her. Or, for that matter, it was the context of when I learned of a secret underground who didn’t want to attend the Sunday School that would make them feel guilty for breastfeeding whenever the baby cried.

Does anyone think that I couldn’t write another ten thousand words describing all the issues of private behavior in which one could be and has been judged as deficient in the name of Christ?

But I realize now that I was too harsh in my judgments. The problem is not that the church can be and often is especially diabolic; the problem is merely that the church is worldly. We’re just imitating the culture. Here is the video; see for yourself.

One other comment: I have kids right now going through D.A.R.E. and I have to agree with Dr. Helen about its idiotic effects. Calvin came home one day begging to call Garrett to admonish him to give up cigars (scroll down sidebar). I’m considering maybe I should start chain smoking Marlboros for a few days just to drive the demons out of him.

Predicting the sex gap circa 1882

One of the wonders that we lost with the web was the gorgeous beauty of the Liberty Fund book catalogue. It may still exist, but with their stock now all available for online ordering, and even searchable online, I can’t justify asking for a free copy any more.

Their books are equally beautiful in the care that goes into their publication, or more so. I used to own quite a few. They always offered them both in hardback and in cheaper paperback. I could only afford paperback but I always longed for the day I would be able to buy the hardback and display it in my library. Sadly, at one point in our lives, Jennifer and I 1) lacked shelf space and 2) lacked cash. This began the age of “books for daydates” in our lives. We would take a box of books and go up north to the half-price books store and get enought cash to take the family to a restaraunt. Good-bye Fisher Ames. Good-bye Ludwig von Mises. Good-bye Lord Acton. Hello Souper Salad!

One book I never parted with, however, was Liberty, Equality, Fraternity by James Fitzjames Stephen. This was partly because, as a small paperback, it would not net me much cash and partly because it was an extraordinary little book. I bought it more on impulse than anything else–it was cheap and the idea of a Millian pragmatist responding to John Stuart Mill really intrigued me.

I was well-rewarded. Stephen is the only secular public philosopher I remember ever reading to deal with the Church state question with honesty and courage. That was one of many things that made his book amazing. One other small part of this was Stephen’s objection to no-fault divorce laws as he felt Mill had proposed them:

If the parties to a contract of marriage are treated as equals, it is impossible to avoid the inference that marriage, like other partnerships, may be dissolved at pleasure. The advocates of women’s rights are exceedingly shy of stating this plainly. Mr. Mill says nothing about it in his book on the Subjection of Women, though in one place he comes very near to saying so, [155–56/290–91 SW] but it is as clear an inference from his principles as anything can possibly be, nor has he ever disavowed it.  If this were the law, it would make women the slaves of their husbands.  A woman loses the qualities which make her attractive to men much earlier than men lose those which make them attractive to women. The tie between a woman and young children is generally far closer than the tie between them and their father. A woman who is no longer young, and who is the mother of children, would thus be absolutely in her husband’s power, in nine cases out of ten, if he might put an end to the marriage when he pleased. This is one inequality in the position of the parties which must be recognized and provided for beforehand if the contract is to be for their common good. A second inequality is this. When a man marries, it is generally because he feels himself established in life. He incurs, no doubt, a good deal of expense, but he does not in any degree impair his means of earning a living. When a woman marries she practically renounces in all but the rarest cases the possibility of undertaking any profession but one, and the possibility of carrying on that one profession in the society of any man but one. Here is a second inequality. It would be easy to mention others of the deepest importance, but these are enough to show that to treat a contract of marriage as a contract between persons who are upon an equality in regard of strength, and power to protect their interests, is to treat it as being what it notoriously is not.

I will demur from James and say that the word “equals” does apply to men and women–though of course, I speak that way beause I’m not a pragmatist but an “essentialist” of sorts. But the bottom line is James knew what would happen, as anyone should have.

The sex gap

Which would be “gender” gap, except that is a misuse of language.

The fact that this review ends with “You go, girl!” is pretty much proof that advocates of the sexual revolution are beyond the reach of rational discussion of what sort of society would truly allow the possibility of the pursuit of happiness.

A tall, thin redhead who has enjoyed an active love life and hopes to continue to do so despite her AARP-eligible status, Ganahl captures the experience of turning from man magnet in her 30s to invisible crone in her 40s. She is attractive, smart, witty. Yet men no longer notice her…  Ganahl also is furious that men at the midcentury point only grow in appeal.

Frankly, I hope her book gets a lot of circulation.  Even if the author won’t admit it, she’s providing a lot of evidence for a radically different point of view.

Leadership 101

Reagan was as serious as a heart attack about what he believed, but the only reason anyone believed in his sincerity is because he was a great speaker.  People claimed he was unfit for office because he was an actor, but they simply aren’t thinking about what leadership requires.  Honestly, is it not grating to hear someone articulate things you hold dear as if he was just reading from a speech someone handed him?

Why modernism on the brain?

It wasn’t Hodge or Frame that made me think of it. It was listening to Jeff’s lectures on the Mercersberg Theology again. Philip Schaff and John Williamson Nevin had some great things to say, but when I keep reading mantras about putting doctrine’s into their “proper scientific form” I almost feel pity for them. But this isn’t just Mercersberg. Reading the centinniel selection of Abraham Kuyper’s speeches and writings was incredibly familiar because he spoke in the same Hegelian modern context as them.

It was thinking again about Kuyper’s similar manner of speech to Nevin and Schaff that reminded me of Frame’s off-hand remark about the Dutch Reformed obsession with proper “place” within an encyclopedia.

What strikes me as ironic is that Nevin and Schaff both wanted to communicate with a general audience. Yet they had this inherently elitist academic notion about theology. Of course, not all elittism is bad. But then, even valid elites are constantly tempted to use their advantage to gain some invalid leverage over the common lot. It needs to be watched. When Nevin complained that Calvin had not put his doctrine of the Lord’s Supper in its “proper scientific form,” he offered what I found to be some extremely helpful analogies for how to understand our participation in the actual humanity of Christ without needing physical particles.

But it wasn’t science. It was simply an analogy about an acorn growing into an oak tree. It didn’t need to be called “science” as if that was some sort of inherently superior form of speech.  Frankly, I found it easier to compare to science fiction.

John Frame leading the Reformed out of modernity

In Doctrine of the Knowledge of God, Frame constructed a cogent argument against Charles Hodge’s claim that the task of a theologian was to arrange the facts of Scripture in their “proper” order, like a scientist. That was an important move to give us exodus from modernity.

But almost as important, perhaps just as important, was his passing remark of being puzzled why Dutch Reformed theologians of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries spent so much effort arguing over the “place” of a doctrine within an “encyclopedia”–as if it really mattered.

This I think is actually more revealing. Modernity doesn’t so much need to be argued against. People just have to be willing to express how incredible and baseless the entire project now looks.

“Remind me: Why are we writing about this again? Or: “Why are we writing this way? How is it helpful?”

One question and the cards start falling.