“Whereas it is ordained in this Office for the Administration of the Lord’s Supper, that the Communicants should receive the same kneeling; (which order is well meant, for a signification of our humble and grateful acknowledgment of the benefits of Christ therein given to all worthy Receivers, and for the avoiding of such profanation and disorder in the holy Communion, as might otherwise ensue;) yet, lest the same kneeling should by any persons, either out of ignorance and infirmity, or out of malice and obstinacy, be misconstrued and depraved: It is hereby declared, That thereby no adoration is intended, or ought to be done, either unto the Sacramental Bread or Wine there bodily received, or unto any Corporal Presence of Christ’s natural Flesh and Blood. For the Sacramental Bread and Wine remain still in their very natural substances, and therefore may not be adored; (for that were Idolatry, to be abhorred of all faithful Christians;) and the natural Body and Blood of our Saviour Christ are in Heaven, and not here; it being against the truth of Christ’s natural Body to be at one time in more places than one.”
via Black Rubric – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
So kneeling ” is well meant, for a signification of our humble and grateful acknowledgment of the benefits of Christ therein given to all worthy Receivers, and for the avoiding of such profanation and disorder in the holy Communion, as might otherwise ensue.” Interesting. What would Ezra say about how one might avoid “profanation and disorder in the holy Communion”?
And Nehemiah, who was the governor, and Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who taught the people said to all the people, “This day is holy to the LORD your God; do not mourn or weep.” For all the people wept as they heard the words of the Law. Then he said to them, “Go your way. Eat the fat and drink sweet wine and send portions to anyone who has nothing ready, for this day is holy to our LORD. And do not be grieved, for the joy of the LORD is your strength.” So the Levites calmed all the people, saying, “Be quiet, for this day is holy; do not be grieved.” And all the people went their way to eat and drink and to send portions and to make great rejoicing, because they had understood the words that were declared to them (Nehemiah 8.9-12).
It seems to me that N. T. Wright’s refutation of Purgatory also speaks well to the implicit disbelief in the Gospel (only an implication, not something anyone is really guilty of meaning) involved in this sort of posture at the table:
When the prodigal son put the ring on his finger and the shoes on his feet, was he being arrogant when he allowed his father’s lavish generosity to take its course? Would it not have been far more arrogant, far more clinging to one’s own inverted dignity as a “very humble” penitent, to insist that he should be allowed to wear sackcloth and ashes for a week or two until he’d had time to adjust to the father’s house? No: the complaint about the prodigal’s arrogance, I fear, comes not from the father, but from the older brother. We should beware lest that syndrome destroy our delight in the gospel of the free grace of God. We mustn’t let the upside-down arrogance of those who are too proud to receive free grace prevent us from hearing and receiving the best news in the world.
And, if Jesus has invited us as honored guest to eat and drink with him, how can we justify refusing to sit in the name of humility? “It is God who justifies. Who is to condemn?” (Romans 8.33b, 34a) And it is God who exalts. Who is to humiliate? If God treats us as friends, who are we to act as penitents? If God says for us to sit with him, who are we to kneel? He or she whom God has exalted let no one humble.
Augustine wrote that God has humbled himself and still man is proud. But human perversity is even worse so that God has now elevated man and man still wants to find a way to earn it. What else explains a value system that think God wants his accepted guests to grovel at meals with him?
I’m not sure I agree with Walter Marshall that “the Law” should be blamed, but psychologically he is exactly right:
By nature, you are completely addicted to this legal method of salvation. Even after you become a Christian by believing the gospel, your heart is still addicted to salvation by works. In your heart you still want to make the duties of the law come before the comforts of the gospel…You find it hard to believe that you should get any blessing before you work for it…This is the mindset you tend to fall into: You sincerely do want to obey the law of God. Therefore, to make sure you obey the law of God you make all of God’s blessings depend upon how well you keep his law…Some preachers even tell you that you had better not enjoy the blessings of the gospel! They tell you to diligently obey the law first, and that only by doing this will you will be safe and happy before God. Just keep in mind, however, that if you go this route, you will never enjoy your salvation for as long as you live in this world (The Gospel Mystery of Sanctification, 1692).
Whether or not this method should be described as “legal,” Marshall is completely right that no one wants free pardon. Not until one has been humble enough. Not until one has groveled enough. Not until one has shown how thankful one is for blessings by showing that one is too good to actually enjoy them. Preachers who boast (there is no other word for it though they would never acknowledge what they are doing) in their faithfulness to the Gospel of free grace will not hesitate to promote this perverse values system from the pulpit. It is all cover for the worse sort of pride that refuses to actually receive the benefit. Don’t be fooled by “grateful acknowledgment of the benefits of Christ therein given to all worthy Receivers.” The benefit is to be sit with Jesus. Kneeling is a refusal of that benefit.
God restored us in Christ to 1) have fellowship with him, 2) serve him, 3) be of great joy. None of those things happen by insisting on staying on one’s knees.
One other point:
What difference does it make that “no adoration is intended“? Did Paul accept that reasoning from the Corinthians who thought they could participate in pagan worship feasts without being guilty of idolatry because they didn’t believe in the pagan gods? Just because one can commit idolatry in one’s heart does not mean one can eliminate idolatry in one’s hands or knees by what one thinks in one’s heart. Philanderers might think otherwise, but they are wrong: unfaithfulness is in the act, not the feeling or idea.
I don’t think kneeling for communion is direct enough to count as idolatry. It is not the same as bowing to the bread or wine. But either way intention is hardly relevant.
Finally, I apologize for the rant nature of his post. Christians do disagree about serious issues without ceasing to be Christians on either side of the issue. Nor do I think kneeling is the worse liturgical sin. As one who has served grape juice as communion, God knows I have no possible personal moral high ground to stand on. I am not better than anyone but I am all too happy to be exalted by the grace of God, despite my sins and faults, with everyone who names the name of Christ.
RELATED: 5 things you are not allowed to do on a holy day of worship
FWIW, it’s my understanding that in the Orthodox churches, kneeling is liturgically forbidden on the Lord’s Day. And it isn’t considered the proper posture for the sacrament OR prayer at any time. The rationale isn’t precisely the same as yours, but it’s definitely a different spirit from that of groveling. Yes, they do prostration, but that is in reference to things that remain above us regardless, like the name of God, not His gifts. The Orthodox have their serious theological problems as well, but it seems like the medieval westerners are the ones who learned to do the theological reverse-play really well.
(And apologies in advance if this starts a brouhaha on your blog — you can delete it if you like.)
I’m not sure that I follow you. Wright’s statement is appealing to the priesthood of all believers. Surely you don’t mean that it is a denial of the priesthood of all believers to kneel at the altar rail? I mean, it’s not like we say “kneel, because Christ isn’t present here for you.”
I went back and found the quotation I had actually been looking for and missed. Changed Wright’s comment for one on Purgatory.
Ah lol. And then I got confused and thought I’d misread the article. 🙂
That cleared up, I’m not sure I agree with your conclusion. You refute kneeling to be penitent, and I agree that is wrong. But surely there are other reasons for kneeling–at least in other contexts. One kneels before the monarch as a sign of respect, for instance. And I believe some Asian cultures have much more elaborate kneeling rituals than Americans do. Now this observation of mine does not, at all, prove that kneeling is right, or even that it isn’t wrong, but it does show that you have more work to do to show it is wrong.
(My personal opinion is that it is an adiaphoron.)
(I’m also confused where the command to sit at communion is.)
Also, I’m not sure about your last argument. Take the practice of kneeling before kings. It itself it is indifferent. One could kneel before the king blamelessly–as for instance Esther did. But in some contexts–say while everyone was acclaiming Herod a god–it would be idolatrous. I think the Black Rubric is claiming something similar is going on here.
I think the point is that you kneel before kings, but not when they invite you to the table. When they invite you to the table, you sit, you don’t keep kneeling because you’re not worthy to sit down in front of the king. But He already invited you to the meal, so who gets to decide that, you or Him?
It might be adiaphora in the sense that it’s not actually a sin to do one or the other, but each position might (and probably does) reflect an underlying view of what’s going on that is objectively either right or wrong. At least, that would be true on the part of those who would write or enforce rubrics on the point.
But my point is there are other reasons for kneeling besides “you’re not worthy to sit.” Yeah, if the reason for kneeling is we aren’t worthy to do anything else, change the reason, or stop kneeling. But that isn’t the only reason for kneeling…
But when He says, “Come to the Table for a meal,” and the answer is, “I’m busy kneeling because…” you’re not really coming, since kneeling is not a normal position when you’re an invited guest. At least, not in any culture anywhere at any time, that I’m aware of. So I’m sure there’s any “good enough” reason to kneel when you’re called to be a guest at table. But that’s not to say that kneeling because you honestly believe it IS right is worse than being irreverent or whatever you think you’re avoiding. It’s just that it’s quite possible that anything that motivates you to kneel rather than act like the dinner guest you are must be wrongly motivated (in the sense of logical motivation, not moral.)
“So I’m NOT sure there’s any “good enough” reason to kneel when you’re called to be a guest at table. “
But that wasn’t the point in this post.
Also, there are several scriptural examples where someone is honored for turning down an honor from the king. The two that come to mind are Uriah and the Roman Centurian. David was of course in sin, but Uriah is particularly good because he turned down the king’s honor. He honored the king particularly highly by turning down the king’s honor given to him. And the Centurian refuses the honor of having Christ come into his home. He did say to Christ “no, I’m not good enough for that honor.” And he’s commended for that.
The Roman Centurion was commended for recognizing Christ’s authority and power.
But also for his humility. The Jews bring him to Jesus and say “He’s worthy. Honor him.” He replies “no, no, I’m not worthy. But please heal my servant anyway.”
I think Jesus invites people to recline when he feeds them. This is the posture of Christ’s symposium in Mark’s Gospel. A posture of a free man. The disciples reclined at table with Jesus at the Last Supper. Our equivalent would be sitting for the meal.
Nice post. I enjoy your blog.